Auxiliares Dont y Doesnt
Con DON´T (pronúnciese don´t) y DOESN´T (pronúnciese dósent) se forma el presente negativo de todos los verbos en inglés, salvo el de los verbos auxiliares.
DON´T es la contracción de do not y DOESN´T de la de does not.
En la forma negativa los mencionados auxiliares siempre se anteponen al verbo que se emplee, o sea, le siguen inmediatamente al sujeto o pronombre personal.
Formula general del negativo
SUJETO + AUXILIAR + NOT + VERBO en su forma original | ||||
I | DO | NOT | speak | Yo no hablo |
You | DO | NOT | see | usted no ve |
He | DOES | NOT | eat | Él no come |
She | DOES | NOT | drink | Ella no bebe |
They | DO | NOT | buy | Ellos no compran |
Veamos ahora estas mismas oraciones pero haciendo uso de las contracciones, las cuales son de suma utilidad en el inglés hablado.
I | DON´T | Speak |
You | DON´T | See |
He | DOESN´T | Eat |
She | DOESN´T | Drink |
They | DON´T | buy |
DON´T y DOESN´T también varían de acuerdo con el sujeto o pronombre personal. Úsase DON´T, al igual que DO, para I, you, we, you, y they.DOESN´T, lo mismo que DOES, únicamente para he, she, it.
Ejemplos:
I | DON´T | buy | Yo no compro |
You | DON´T | speak | Usted no habla |
He | DON´T | drink | Nosotros no bebemos |
She | DON´T | eat | Ustedes no comen |
They | DON´T | see | Ellos no ven |
He | DOESN´T | buy | Él no compra |
She | DOESN´T | speak | Ella no habla |
It | DOESN´T | eat | No come impersonal: al referirse a un animal |
Veamos ahora la condensación de los anteriores en forma esquemática:
I | DON´T speak | He | DOESN´T speak |
You | |||
We | She | ||
You | |||
they | It |
Haga siempre uso del auxiliar negativo DOESN´T y el pronombre neutro IT en el presente negativo de cualquier vero impersonal.
Ejemplos:
It DOESN´T rain no llueve
It DOESN´T snow no Nieva
Emplee asimismo DOESN´T en oraciones negativas en tiempo presente inmediatamente después de las terceras personas del singular, como:Frank, Mary, the boy, the girl etc., y DON´T inmediatamente después de las demás personas, como: the boys, the girls, the children, ect.
Conversation
- Do you speak English?
I speak a Little, but my father speaks very good English.
- Does your mother speak English too?
She doesn´t speak very well but she reads and write English perfectly.
- Does she speak French?
No, she doesn´t.
- How many languages do you speak?
I only speak Spanish and a little French.
- Does your father speak French?
Yes, he speaks French very well.
- How many languages does he speak?
He speaks Spanish, Italian, French, English, and a little German
- Does your father speak some Russian?
No, he doesn´t.
- Do you speak some Russian?
Yes, I do.
- Does your brother learn English in school too?
Yes, he does.
Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo | |||
DO | You | Speak | English |
You | Speak | English? | |
DO | You | see | the people |
You | see | the people? | |
DO | You | eat | fruit |
You | eat | fruit? | |
DO | You | drink | coffee |
You | drink | coffee? | |
DO | You | buy | many things |
You | buy | many things? |
Ejercicios
Para una perfecta asimilación en el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo y el empleo del auxiliar DO, sustitúyase el pronombre personal you por they, we y I.
Ejemplos:
DO | They | speak | English |
they | speak | English? | |
DO | They | see | the people |
they | see | the people? |
Lea en voz alta las oraciones de esta gráfica y note la diferencia entre las forma aquí empleadas. Observe además cómo la s de speaks, sees, eats, desaparece en las preguntas, quedando el verbo en su forma simple speak, see, eat.
Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo | |||
DO | He | Speaks | English |
he | Speak | English? | |
DO | He | sees | the people |
he | see | the people? | |
DO | He | eats | fruit |
he | eat | fruit? | |
DO | He | drinks | coffee |
he | drink | coffee? | |
DO | He | buys | many things |
he | buy | many things? |
Ejercicios
Para apreciar mejor el tránsito del afirmativo al interrogativo y el uso deDOES, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre personal he por: the boy, Frank y she.
Ejemplos:
Does | They | boy | speak | English |
they | boy | speak | English? | |
Does | They | boy | see | the people |
they | boy | see | the people? |
Comparación entre la forma interrogativa y la negativa
DO | they | DOn´t | speak | English? |
They | speak | English | ||
DO | they | DOn´t | see | the people? |
They | see | the people | ||
DO | they | DOn´t | eat | fruit? |
They | eat | fruit | ||
DO | they | DOn´t | drink | coffee? |
They | drink | coffee | ||
DO | they | DOn´t | buy | many things? |
They | buy | many things |
Ejercicios
Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y empleo de DO yDON´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre they por: we, you y I.
Does | We | don´t | boy | speak | English? |
We | boy | speak | English | ||
Does | we | don´t | boy | sees | the people? |
We | boy | see | the people |
Obsérvese la posición de DOES en las formas interrogativa y negativa, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular.
DOES | she | DOESn´t | speak | English? |
She | speak | English | ||
DOES | she | DOESn´t | see | the people? |
She | see | the people | ||
DOES | she | DOESn´t | eat | fruit? |
She | eat | fruit | ||
DOES | she | DOESn´t | drink | coffee? |
She | drink | coffee | ||
DOES | she | DOESn´t | buy | many things? |
She | buy | many things |
Ejercicios
Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y el empleo deDOES y DOESN´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre she por: the girl, Mary y he.
Ejemplos:
Does | the | girl | doesn´t | speak | English? |
The | girl | speak | English | ||
Does | the | girl | doesn´t | sees | the people? |
The | girl | see | the people |
Lea estas oraciones en voz alta y note el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo, así como también el empleo de DO.
The boys | study | in school | every day |
They | study | in school | every day |
Frank and Mary | learn | English | in school |
They | learn | English | in school |
The children | eat | at home | every day |
They | eat | at home | every day |
DO the boys | study | in school | every day? |
DO they | study | in school | every day? |
DO Frank and Mary | learn | English | in school? |
DO they | learn | English | in school? |
DO the children | eat | at home | every day? |
DO they | eat | at home | every day? |
Obsérvese la modificación que sufre la forma verbal (studies, study) al pasar del afirmativo al interrogativo, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular: he, the boy, the studant, Frank…
Así mismo nótese DOES en las preguntas.
The boy | studies | in school | every day | |||
He | studies | in school | every day | |||
The student | learns | english | in school | |||
He | learns | english | in school | |||
Frank | eats | at home | every day | |||
He | eats | at home | every day | |||
DOES | The boy | study | in school | every day? | ||
DOES | He | study | in school | every day? | ||
DOES | The student | learn | english | in school? | ||
DOES | He | learn | english | in school? | ||
DOES | Frank | eat | at home | every day? | ||
DOES | He | eat | at home | every day? |
Observe en esta gráfica como en el presente negativo DOESNT sigue inmediatamente a un sujeto en singular (the boy) y DON´T a un sujeto en plural (the boys).
Además nótese los verbos en su forma simple (study, learn…).
The boy | DOESN´T | study | every day |
The boys | DON´T | study | every day |
The student | DOESN´T | Learn | English |
The students | DON´T | Learn | English |
Frank | DOESN´T | eat | at home |
Frank and Mary | DON´T | eat | at home |
Ejercicios
Cambie oralmente cada una de estas oraciones negativas a las formas afirmativas e interrogativas.
Ejemplo:
af. | The boy studies every day |
int. | Does the boy study every day? |
af. | The boys study every day |
int. | Do the boys study every day?
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