Auxiliares Dont y Doesnt

Con DON´T (pronúnciese don´t) y DOESN´T (pronúnciese dósent) se forma el presente negativo de todos los verbos en inglés, salvo el de los verbos auxiliares.

DON´T es la contracción de do not y DOESN´T de la de does not.

En la forma negativa los mencionados auxiliares siempre se anteponen al verbo que se emplee, o sea, le siguen inmediatamente al sujeto o pronombre personal.

Formula general del negativo

SUJETO + AUXILIAR + NOT + VERBO en su forma original
I
DO
NOT
speak
Yo no hablo
You
DO
NOT
see
usted no ve
He
DOES
NOT
eat
Él no come
She
DOES
NOT
drink
Ella no bebe
They
DO
NOT
buy
Ellos no compran

Veamos ahora estas mismas oraciones pero haciendo uso de las contracciones, las cuales son de suma utilidad en el inglés hablado.

I
DON´T
Speak
You
DON´T
See
He
DOESN´T
Eat
She
DOESN´T
Drink
They
DON´T
buy

DON´T y DOESN´T también varían de acuerdo con el sujeto o pronombre personal. Úsase DON´T, al igual que DO, para I, you, we, you, y they.DOESN´T, lo mismo que DOES, únicamente para he, she, it.

Ejemplos:

I
DON´T
buy
Yo no compro
You
DON´T
speak
Usted no habla
He
DON´T
drink
Nosotros no bebemos
She
DON´T
eat
Ustedes no comen
They
DON´T
see
Ellos no ven
He
DOESN´T
buy
Él no compra
She
DOESN´T
speak
Ella no habla
It
DOESN´T
eat
No come impersonal: al referirse a un animal

Veamos ahora la condensación de los anteriores en forma esquemática:

I
DON´T speak
He
DOESN´T speak
You
We
She
You
they
It

Haga siempre uso del auxiliar negativo DOESN´T y el pronombre neutro IT en el presente negativo de cualquier vero impersonal.

Ejemplos:

It DOESN´T rain no llueve

It DOESN´T snow no Nieva

Emplee asimismo DOESN´T en oraciones negativas en tiempo presente inmediatamente después de las terceras personas del singular, como:Frank, Mary, the boy, the girl etc., y DON´T inmediatamente después de las demás personas, como: the boys, the girls, the children, ect.

Conversation

  • Do you speak English?

I speak a Little, but my father speaks very good English.

  • Does your mother speak English too?

She doesn´t speak very well but she reads and write English perfectly.

  • Does she speak French?

No, she doesn´t.

  • How many languages do you speak?

I only speak Spanish and a little French.

  • Does your father speak French?

Yes, he speaks French very well.

  • How many languages does he speak?

He speaks Spanish, Italian, French, English, and a little German

  • Does your father speak some Russian?

No, he doesn´t.

  • Do you speak some Russian?

Yes, I do.

  • Does your brother learn English in school too?

Yes, he does.

Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo
DO
You
Speak
English
You
Speak
English?
DO
You
see
the people
You
see
the people?
DO
You
eat
fruit
You
eat
fruit?
DO
You
drink
coffee
You
drink
coffee?
DO
You
buy
many things
You
buy
many things?

Ejercicios

Para una perfecta asimilación en el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo y el empleo del auxiliar DO, sustitúyase el pronombre personal you por they, we y I.

Ejemplos:

DO
They
speak
English
they
speak
English?
DO
They
see
the people
they
see
the people?

Lea en voz alta las oraciones de esta gráfica y note la diferencia entre las forma aquí empleadas. Observe además cómo la s de speaks, sees, eats, desaparece en las preguntas, quedando el verbo en su forma simple speak, see, eat.

Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo
DO
He
Speaks
English
he
Speak
English?
DO
He
sees
the people
he
see
the people?
DO
He
eats
fruit
he
eat
fruit?
DO
He
drinks
coffee
he
drink
coffee?
DO
He
buys
many things
he
buy
many things?

Ejercicios

Para apreciar mejor el tránsito del afirmativo al interrogativo y el uso deDOES, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre personal he por: the boy, Frank y she.

Ejemplos:

Does
They
boy
speak
English
they
boy
speak
English?
Does
They
boy
see
the people
they
boy
see
the people?

Comparación entre la forma interrogativa y la negativa

DO
they
DOn´t
speak
English?
They
speak
English
DO
they
DOn´t
see
the people?
They
see
the people
DO
they
DOn´t
eat
fruit?
They
eat
fruit
DO
they
DOn´t
drink
coffee?
They
drink
coffee
DO
they
DOn´t
buy
many things?
They
buy
many things

Ejercicios

Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y empleo de DO yDON´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre they por: we, you y I.

Does
We
don´t
boy
speak
English?
We
boy
speak
English
Does
we
don´t
boy
sees
the people?
We
boy
see
the people

Obsérvese la posición de DOES en las formas interrogativa y negativa, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular.

DOES
she
DOESn´t
speak
English?
She
speak
English
DOES
she
DOESn´t
see
the people?
She
see
the people
DOES
she
DOESn´t
eat
fruit?
She
eat
fruit
DOES
she
DOESn´t
drink
coffee?
She
drink
coffee
DOES
she
DOESn´t
buy
many things?
She
buy
many things

Ejercicios

Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y el empleo deDOES y DOESN´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre she por: the girlMary y he.

Ejemplos:

Does
the
girl
doesn´t
speak
English?
The
girl
speak
English
Does
the
girl
doesn´t
sees
the people?
The
girl
see
the people

Lea estas oraciones en voz alta y note el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo, así como también el empleo de DO.

The boys
study
in school
every day
They
study
in school
every day
Frank and Mary
learn
English
in school
They
learn
English
in school
The children
eat
at home
every day
They
eat
at home
every day
DO the boys
study
in school
every day?
DO they
study
in school
every day?
DO Frank and Mary
learn
English
in school?
DO they
learn
English
in school?
DO the children
eat
at home
every day?
DO they
eat
at home
every day?

Obsérvese la modificación que sufre la forma verbal (studies, study) al pasar del afirmativo al interrogativo, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular: he, the boy, the studant, Frank

Así mismo nótese DOES en las preguntas.

The boy
studies
in school
every day
He
studies
in school
every day
The student
learns
english
in school
He
learns
english
in school
Frank
eats
at home
every day
He
eats
at home
every day
DOES
The boy
study
in school
every day?
DOES
He
study
in school
every day?
DOES
The student
learn
english
in school?
DOES
He
learn
english
in school?
DOES
Frank
eat
at home
every day?
DOES
He
eat
at home
every day?

Observe en esta gráfica como en el presente negativo DOESNT sigue inmediatamente a un sujeto en singular (the boy) y DON´T a un sujeto en plural (the boys).

Además nótese los verbos en su forma simple (study, learn…).

The boy
DOESN´T
study
every day
The boys
DON´T
study
every day
The student
DOESN´T
Learn
English
The students
DON´T
Learn
English
Frank
DOESN´T
eat
at home
Frank and Mary
DON´T
eat
at home

Ejercicios

Cambie oralmente cada una de estas oraciones negativas a las formas afirmativas e interrogativas.

Ejemplo:

af.
The boy studies every day
int.
Does the boy study every day?
af.
The boys study every day
int.
Do the boys study every day?