Los auxiliares Don´t y Doesn´t

Con DON´T (pronúnciese don´t) y DOESN´T (pronúnciese dósent) se forma el presente negativo de todos los verbos en inglés, salvo el de los verbos auxiliares.

DON´T es la contracción de do not y DOESN´T de la de does not.

En la forma negativa los mencionados auxiliares siempre se anteponen al verbo que se emplee, o sea, le siguen inmediatamente al sujeto o pronombre personal.

Formula general del negativo

SUJETO + AUXILIAR + NOT + VERBO en su forma original
I	DO	NOT	speak	Yo no hablo
You	DO	NOT	see	usted no ve
He	DOES	NOT	eat	Él no come
She	DOES	NOT	drink	Ella no bebe
They	DO	NOT	buy	Ellos no compran

 

Veamos ahora estas mismas oraciones pero haciendo uso de las contracciones, las cuales son de suma utilidad en el inglés hablado.

I	DON´T	Speak
You	DON´T	See
He	DOESN´T	Eat
She	DOESN´T	Drink
They	DON´T	buy

DON´T y DOESN´T también varían de acuerdo con el sujeto o pronombre personal. Úsase DON´T, al igual que DO, para I, you, we, you, y they.DOESN´T, lo mismo que DOES, únicamente para he, she, it.

Ejemplos:

I	DON´T	buy	Yo no compro
You	DON´T	speak	Usted no habla
He	DON´T	drink	Nosotros no bebemos
She	DON´T	eat	Ustedes no comen
They	DON´T	see	Ellos no ven
He	DOESN´T	buy	Él no compra
She	DOESN´T	speak	Ella no habla
It	DOESN´T	eat	No come impersonal: al referirse a un animal

Veamos ahora la condensación de los anteriores en forma esquemática:

I	DON´T speak	He	DOESN´T speak
You
We		She
You
they		It

Haga siempre uso del auxiliar negativo DOESN´T y el pronombre neutro IT en el presente negativo de cualquier vero impersonal.

Ejemplos:

It DOESN´T rain no llueve

It DOESN´T snow no Nieva

Emplee asimismo DOESN´T en oraciones negativas en tiempo presente inmediatamente después de las terceras personas del singular, como:Frank, Mary, the boy, the girl etc., y DON´T inmediatamente después de las demás personas, como: the boys, the girls, the children, ect.

Conversation

• Do you speak English?

I speak a Little, but my father speaks very good English.

• Does your mother speak English too?

She doesn´t speak very well but she reads and write English perfectly.

• Does she speak French?

No, she doesn´t.

• How many languages do you speak?

I only speak Spanish and a little French.

• Does your father speak French?

Yes, he speaks French very well.

• How many languages does he speak?

He speaks Spanish, Italian, French, English, and a little German

• Does your father speak some Russian?

No, he doesn´t.

• Do you speak some Russian?

Yes, I do.

• Does your brother learn English in school too?

Yes, he does.

Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo
DO	You	Speak	English
	You	Speak	English?
DO	You	see	the people
	You	see	the people?
DO	You	eat	fruit
	You	eat	fruit?
DO	You	drink	coffee
	You	drink	coffee?
DO	You	buy	many things
	You	buy	many things?

Ejercicios

Para una perfecta asimilación en el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo y el empleo del auxiliar DO, sustitúyase el pronombre personal you por they, we y I.

Ejemplos:

DO	They	speak	English
	they	speak	English?
DO	They	see	the people
	they	see	the people?

Lea en voz alta las oraciones de esta gráfica y note la diferencia entre las forma aquí empleadas. Observe además cómo la s de speaks, sees, eats, desaparece en las preguntas, quedando el verbo en su forma simple speak, see, eat.

Comparando el presente afirmativo con el interrogativo
DO	He	Speaks	English
	he	Speak	English?
DO	He	sees	the people
	he	see	the people?
DO	He	eats	fruit
	he	eat	fruit?
DO	He	drinks	coffee
	he	drink	coffee?
DO	He	buys	many things
	he	buy	many things?

Ejercicios

Para apreciar mejor el tránsito del afirmativo al interrogativo y el uso deDOES, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre personal he por: the boy, Frank y she.

Ejemplos:

Does	They	boy	speak	English
	they	boy	speak	English?
Does	They	boy	see	the people
	they	boy	see	the people?

Comparación entre la forma interrogativa y la negativa

DO	they	DOn´t	speak	English?
	They		speak	English
DO	they	DOn´t	see	the people?
	They		see	the people
DO	they	DOn´t	eat	fruit?
	They		eat	fruit
DO	they	DOn´t	drink	coffee?
	They		drink	coffee
DO	they	DOn´t	buy	many things?
	They		buy	many things

Ejercicios

Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y empleo de DO yDON´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre they por: we, you y I.

Does	We	don´t	boy	speak	English?
	We		boy	speak	English
Does	we	don´t	boy	sees	the people?
	We		boy	see	the people

Obsérvese la posición de DOES en las formas interrogativa y negativa, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular.

DOES	she	DOESn´t	speak	English?
	She		speak	English
DOES	she	DOESn´t	see	the people?
	She		see	the people
DOES	she	DOESn´t	eat	fruit?
	She		eat	fruit
DOES	she	DOESn´t	drink	coffee?
	She		drink	coffee
DOES	she	DOESn´t	buy	many things?
	She		buy	many things

Ejercicios
Para asimilar mejor el paso del interrogativo al negativo y el empleo deDOES y DOESN´T, sustituya en esta gráfica el pronombre she por: the girl, Mary y he.
Ejemplos:

Does	the	girl	doesn´t	speak	English?
	The	girl		speak	English
Does	the	girl	doesn´t	sees	the people?
	The	girl		see	the people

Lea estas oraciones en voz alta y note el cambio del afirmativo al interrogativo, así como también el empleo de DO.

The boys	study	in school	every day
They	study	in school	every day
Frank and Mary	learn	English	in school
They	learn	English	in school
The children	eat	at home	every day
They	eat	at home	every day
DO the boys	study	in school	every day?
DO they	study	in school	every day?
DO Frank and Mary	learn	English	in school?
DO they	learn	English	in school?
DO the children	eat	at home	every day?
DO they	eat	at home	every day?

Obsérvese la modificación que sufre la forma verbal (studies, study) al pasar del afirmativo al interrogativo, cuando se emplea la tercera persona del singular: he, the boy, the studant, Frank…

Así mismo nótese DOES en las preguntas.

The boy		studies	in school		every day
He		studies	in school		every day
The student		learns	english		in school
He		learns	english		in school
Frank		eats	at home		every day
He		eats	at home		every day
DOES	The boy		study	in school		every day?
DOES	He		study	in school		every day?
DOES	The student		learn	english		in school?
DOES	He		learn	english		in school?
DOES	Frank		eat	at home		every day?
DOES	He		eat	at home		every day?

Observe en esta gráfica como en el presente negativo DOESNT sigue inmediatamente a un sujeto en singular (the boy) y DON´T a un sujeto en plural (the boys).

Además nótese los verbos en su forma simple (study, learn…).

The boy	DOESN´T	study	every day
The boys	DON´T	study	every day
The student	DOESN´T	Learn	English
The students	DON´T	Learn	English
Frank	DOESN´T	eat	at home
Frank and Mary	DON´T	eat	at home

Ejercicios

Cambie oralmente cada una de estas oraciones negativas a las formas afirmativas e interrogativas.

Ejemplo:

af.	The boy studies every day
int.	Does the boy study every day?
af.	The boys study every day
int.	Do the boys study every day?